Episodic memory

as research on "encoding/retrieval interactions." An early version of the same general idea that is represented by encoding sp~cificity was known as the "princinle of reinstatement of stimulating conditions." It held that retrieval succeeds to the extent that stimulating conditions present at study are reinstated at the time of attemnted retrieval (Hollingworth, 1928). An idea essentially identical with encodine swcificirrhas been nrowsed w . . . and is h o r n under &e label of "transfer appropriate processing" (Morris, Bransford, & Franbs, 1977). Like encoding specificity, it emphasizes the imponance of active processing and processes at study and test, rather than stimulating conditions.